Figure 1.
Induction of the unfolded protein response by ER stress in AD. (A, B) RT-PCR analysis of XBP-1 mRNA splicing in the temporal cortex of control (CTRL) and AD brain (A). XBP-1 mRNA splicing was analyzed by scaling intensity of splicing band (193bp) to total band (193 bp + 219 bp) (B). (C) Representative images of thioflavin S staining in the temporal cortex of control (CTRL) and AD brain. (D-F) Western blot analysis of PDI, GRP78, and actin (D). Levels of PDI (E) and GRP78 (F) were measured and normalized to the level of relevant actin (n = 4 for control and n = 8 for AD).