TABLE 1. Primary Studies Included in the Meta-Analyses of Gray Matter in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia or First-Episode Schizophrenia.
| Study Authors (Reference) | Chronic or First- Episode Schizophrenia |
Male, Female, or Both |
Patients in Study (N) |
Comparison Subjects in Study (N) | Mean or Range of Duration of Illness or Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ananth et al. (18) | Chronic | Both | 20 | 20 | Illness: 15.8 years |
| Antonova et al. (19) | Chronic | Both | 45 | 43 | Illness: 16.8 years |
| Bassitt et al. (20) | Chronic | Both | 50 | 30 | Illness: 11.4 years |
| Chua et al. (21) | First-episode | Both | 26 | 38 | Illness: 4 months |
| Giuliani et al. (22) | Chronic | Both | 41 | 34 | Illness: 17.3 years |
| Ha et al. (23) | Chronic | Both | 35 | 35 | Illness: 4.9 years |
| Hulshoff Pol et al. (24) | Chronic | Both | 159 | 158 | Illness: 12.3 years |
| Jayakumar et al. (25) | First-episode | Both | 18 | 18 | Antipsychotic naive |
| Job et al. (26) | First-episode | Both | 34 | 36 | Not stated |
| Kasparek et al. (27) | First-episode | Male | 22 | 18 | Treatment: 20-89 days |
| Kawasaki et al. (28) | Chronic | Male | 30 | 30 | Illness: 4.0 years |
| Kubicki et al. (29) | First-episode | Both | 16 | 18 | Treatment: 1.7 months |
| Marcelis et al. (30) | Chronic | Both | 31 | 27 | Illness: 8.5 years |
| McIntosh et al. (31) | Chronic | Both | 26 | 49 | Not stated |
| Moorhead et al. (32) | Chronic | Both | 25 | 29 | Not stated |
| Neckelmann et al. (33) | Chronic | Not stated | 12 | 12 | Not stated |
| Ohnishi et al. (34) | Chronic | Both | 47 | 76 | Illness: 19.3 years |
| Paillere-Martinot et al. (35) | Chronic | Male | 20 | 20 | Illness: 10 years |
| Salgado-Pineda et al. (36) | Chronic | Both | 14 | 14 | Illness: 1.8 years |
| Salgado-Pineda et al. (37) | First-episode | Male | 13 | 13 | Antipsychotic naive |
| Shapleske et al. (38) | Chronic | Male | 72 | 32 | Illness: 11.5 years |
| Sigmundsson et al. (39) | Chronic | Both | 27 | 27 | Illness: 13.9 years |
| Suzuki et al. (40) | Chronic | Both | 45 | 42 | Illness: 5.2 years |
| Whitford et al. (41) | First-episode | Both | 41 | 47 | Illness: >3 months |
| Wilke et al. (42) | Chronic | Both | 48 | 48 | Illness: 8.5 years |
| Wright et al. (43) | Chronic | Both | 42 | 52 | Illness: 12.2 years |
| Yamada et al. (44) | Chronic | Both | 20 | 20 | Illness: 11.6 years |