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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 May 4.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Jan 26;21(5):277–286. doi: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.12.011

Table 1.

Mice Defective in Components of the Circadian CLOCK system Have a Compromised HPA axis

Animals CLOCK system Effect on the HPA axis References
Per1Brd mice (male) Short circadian cycle Conserved glucocorticoid circadian rhythm, but
circulating levels elevated		 26
Per2Brd mice (male) Short circadian cycle with loss
of persistent circadian
rhythmicity		 Elevated glucocorticoid levels without circadian
rhythm		 26
Per2Brdm1/Cry1−/− mice (male) Loss of circadian rhythm Loss of ACTH and glucocorticoid circadian rhythm 12
Per2drmd1 mice (female) Short circadian cycle with loss
of persistent circadian
rhythmicity		 Disturbance in the excretion of daily glucocorticoid
metabolites		 60
Per2tm1Brd mice Short circadian cycle with loss
of persistent circadian
rhythmicity		 Absence of glucocorticoid circadian rhythm, but
intact ACTH rhythm		 27