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. 2009 Dec 15;7(1):A08.

Table 3.

Hierarchical Regression Analyses Predicting HbA1c Levels in Middle-Aged Adults (51-64 y) With Type 2 Diabetes (N = 379), the 1998 and 2000 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the HRS 2003 Diabetes Studya

Variable Model 1b Model 2c Model 3d Model 4e
β P Value β P Value β P Value β P Value
Demographics (Race/Ethnicity)
Non-Hispanic black 1.13 <.001 .96 <.001 .82 .001 .80 .002
Hispanic .88 <.001 .87 .004 .74 .01 .79 .007
Non-Hispanic white 1 [Reference] 1 [Reference] 1 [Reference] 1 [Reference]
Clinical Conditions
No. of chronic diseases — — .24 <.001 .19 .002 .18 .003
Duration of diabetes — — .04 <.001 .01 .32 .02 .046
Treatment Modality
Diet only — — — — −1.07 <.001 −1.18 <.001
Oral medication — — — — −.35 .11 −.46 .04
Insulin only or combination — — — — 1 [Reference] 1 [Reference]
Lifestylef
Fair — — — — — — −1.22 <.001
Good — — — — — — −.96 .008
Poor — — — — — — 1 [Reference]
Fg 12.90 <.001 14.38 <.001 12.82 <.001 11.40 <.001
R 2, % 6.67 — 14.44 — 18.49 — 21.30 —
ΔR 2, % — — 7.77 — 4.05 — 2.81 —
Fh — — 16.98 <.001 9.24 <.001 6.61 .001

Abbreviation: HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.

a

P values calculated using t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and simple regression; significance set at α = .05.

b

Model 1: demographic variables only.

c

Model 2: variables are demographics and clinical conditions.

d

Model 3: variables are demographics, clinical conditions, and treatment modality.

e

Model 4: variables are demographics, clinical conditions, treatment modality, and lifestyle.

f

Poor = 0 positive health behaviors, fair = 1 positive health behavior, good ≥2 positive health behaviors.

g

F test for model.

h

F test for change in R 2.