Table 1.
Hepatitis B Virus Serological and Virological Markers
| HBsAg | HBV infection, both acute and chronic |
| HBeAg | High-level HBV replication and infectivity; marker for treatment response |
| HBV DNA | Level of HBV replication; primary virologic marker for treatment response |
| Anti-HBc (IgM) | Acute HBV infection; could be seen in flare of chronic hepatitis B |
| Anti-HBc (IgG) | Recovered or chronic HBV infection |
| Anti-HBs | Recovered HBV infection or marker of HBV vaccination; immunity to HBV infection (titer can be measured to assess vaccine efficacy) |
| Anti-HBe | Low-level HBV replication and infectivity; marker for treatment response |
| Anti-HBc (IgG) and anti-HBs | Past HBV infection; could lose anti-HBs |
| Anti-HBc (IgG) and HBsAg | Chronic HBV infection |
| Anti-HBc (IgG) and/or anti-HBs and HBV DNA (PCR) | Latent or occult HBV infection |