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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Nov 20.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2007 Nov;43(6):1531–1543. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.43.6.1531

Table 4.

Effects of Gender, Ethnicity, and SES as Independent Covariates in Resistance to Peer Influence Growth Models

	Model 1: Gender		Model 2: Ethnicity		Model 3: SES

Effects	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE	Coefficient	SE
Fixed effects
Intercept	2.68^***	.038	2.75^***	.11	3.07^***	.092
Gender	.20^**	.063
Ethnicity^a			F = 13.84^***
SES					−.08^***	.020
Linear slope	.137^***	.017	.11^***	.03	.08^***	.030
Linear slope × covariate	−.005	.01	F = 1.22		.01^*	.004
Quadratic slope	−.005^*	.002	−.005^*	.002	−.005^*	.002
Random effects
Intercept	.27^***	.025	.256^***	.025	.267^***	.025
Linear slope	.01^***	.001	.01^***	.001	.01^***	.001
Level-1 error	.158^***	.025	.158^***	.003	.158^***	.003
Model fit
−2 log likelihood	11,773.9		11,701.1		11,767.8
AIC	11,791.9		11,727.1		11,785.8
BIC	11,838.8		11,794.8		11,832.7

Note. SES = socioeconomic status. AIC = Akaike information criterion. BIC = Bayesian information criterion.

^a

df = (3, 3060).

^*

p < .05.

^**

p < .01.

^***

p < .001.