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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 20.

Published in final edited form as: Mol Pharmacol. 2008 Jun 13;74(3):628–640. doi: 10.1124/mol.108.048694

Fig. 2 — Ethanol potentiates current at submicromolar ${Ca}_{i}^{2 +}$ while inhibiting current at higher ${Ca}_{i}^{2 +}$ levels. A, macropatch recordings in 0.3 or 30 μM ${Ca}_{i}^{2 +}$ before and after 100 mM show ethanol dual action as a function of ${Ca}_{i}^{2 +}$ (highlighted by bolding a selective current trace: 100 mV at 0.3 μM and 40 mV at 30 μM). In addition, ethanol inhibition can be clearly seen from drug reduction of inward currents at 30 μM Ca²⁺. B, whether activating or inhibiting current, ethanol causes parallel shifts in the G/G_max-V plots. C, the overall rate of decay in V_1/2 as function of ${Ca}_{i}^{2 +}$ is reduced by ethanol. D, a G/G_max-Ca²⁺ plot highlights ethanol biphasic action, which results in reduced E_max, K_d, and n for Ca²⁺ (see main text); V = 0 mV. E, z × V_1/2-Ca²⁺ plots for the conditions shown in C. For B–E, filled, control; hollow symbols, ethanol. The symbol shapes in B and D match those in the V_1/2 plots shown in C and E, with each symbol corresponding to a ${Ca}_{i}^{2 +}$ concentration given in abscissa of plots in C and E.