Table 2.
Overview of PDEs
| Type | Number of genes | Property | Substrate | Selective inhibitors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PDE1 | 3 | Ca2+-CaM-stimulated | cAMP/cGMP | IBMX, calimidazolium, phenethiazines, vinpocetine, SCH51866 |
| PDE2 | 1 | cGMP-stimulated | cAMP/cGMP | EHNA, BAY 60-7550, aptosyn |
| PDE3 | 2 | cGMP-inhibited | cAMP | Cilostamide, milrinone, SK&F 95654 |
| PDE4 | 4 | cAMP-specific | cAMP | Rolipram, rofluminast, ariflo, HT0712, ibudilast, mesembrine |
| PDE5 | 1 | cGMP-specific | cGMP | Zaprinast, sildenafil, vardenafil, tadelafil, SK&F 96231, udenafil, avanafil, DA-8159 |
| PDE6 | 4 | Photoreceptor | cGMP | (Sildenafil) |
| PDE7 | 2 | cAMP high affinity | cAMP | BRL 50481 |
| PDE8 | 2 | cAMP high affinity | cAMP | ? |
| PDE9 | 1 | cGMP high affinity | cGMP | SCH 81566, BAY 73-6691 |
| PDE10 | 1 | cAMP-inhibited | cGMP | Papaverine, TP-10, PQ10 |
| PDE11 | 1 | Dual substrate | cAMP/cGMP | (Tadelafil) |
The properties and substrate specificity are depicted (Bender and Beavo 2006). In addition, commonly used selective PDE inhibitors are mentioned
PDE phosphodiesterase, cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate, cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate