Figure 3. Neutralization mechanism.

(a) nAbs do not inhibit cell binding of full-length hemagglutinin from H5-TH04–pseudotyped HIV-1 viruses. None of the three nAb-treated viruses inhibited cell binding. Mouse anti-H5 mAb, 17A2.1.2 and ferret anti-H5N1 serum, which inhibit hemagglutination, were used as positive controls. Anti-SARS spike protein (80R) and anti-HA1 (2A) were used as negative controls. Error bars represent s.d. (b) All three nAbs inhibit cell fusion. HeLa cells were transfected with H5-TH04–expressing plasmid and exposed to a pH 5.0 buffer for 4 min in the presence or absence of nAbs. Syncytia formation induced by the brief exposure to pH 5.0 was completely inhibited by D8, F10 and A66, at 20 μg ml−1 (∼0.13 μM), whereas controls (80R and anti-HA1 mAb (2A) at the same concentration had no effect.