Table 1.
Description of Cases and Controls
| Variable | Cases (n = 768) | Controls (n = 768) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 61.0 ± 12.1 | 61.0 ± 12.0 | 0.18 |
| Male | 509 (66%) | 509 (66%) | 1.0 |
| Caucasian | 704 (92%) | 704 (92%) | 1.0 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 193 (25%) | 120 (17%) | .0003 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.5 ± 6.1 | 28.3 ± 5.8 | <.0001 |
| Currently smoking | 268 (35%) | 106 (14%) | <.0001 |
| Education level - No college | 393 (52%) | 168 (22%) | <.0001 |
| Moderate alcohol use (1–2 drinks 2–6 days/week) | 341 (45%) | 446 (59%) | <.0001 |
| Hypertension (by history) | 487 (63%) | 408 (55%) | .001 |
| Myocardial infarction or revascularization (by history) | 216 (28%) | 104 (14%) | <.0001 |
| Family history of premature CHD | 404 (53%) | 270 (36%) | <.0001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 180 ± 43 | 191 ± 45 | <.0001 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 183 ± 142 | 165 ± 128 | .02 |
| High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 42 ± 15 | 51.0 ± 16 | <.0001 |
| Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL) | 104 ± 36 | 108 ± 38 | .007 |
| Linoleic acid (% total FA) | 14.26 ± 2.51 | 16.45 ± 2.57 | <.0001 |
| Arachidonic acid (% total FA) | 14.21 ± 3.70 | 13.72 ± 2.39 | .0007 |
| Omega-6/omega-3 ratio | 7.09 ± 2.16 | 6.14 ± 2.10 | <.0001 |
| Total trans-fats (% total FA)1 | 3.78 ± 1.40 | 3.34 ± 1.29 | <.0001 |
| Trans-oleic acid (% total FA) | 2.81± 0.81 | 2.48 ± 0.84 | <.0001 |
| Trans, trans-linoleic acid (% total FA) | 0.17 ± 0.13 | 0.15 ± 0.08 | .003 |
| Trans palmitic acid (% total FA) | 0.80 ± 1.04 | 0.70 ± 1.0 | 0.02 |
| Palmitic acid (% total FA) | 22.71 ± 2.74 | 21.46 ± 1.91 | <.0001 |
| Stearic acid (% total FA) | 14.34 ± 1.93 | 14.31 ± 1.48 | 0.77 |
| Palmitoleic acid (% total FA) | 1.54 ± 0.77 | 1.46 ± 0.65 | 0.02 |
| Oleic acid (% total FA) | 18.00 ± 3.67 | 17.29 ± 2.63 | <.0001 |
| Alpha-linoleic acid (% total FA) | 0.31 ± 0.17 | 0.48 ± 0.25 | <.0001 |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (% total FA) | 0.46 ± 0.29 | 0.72 ± 0.53 | <.0001 |
| Docosahexaenoic acid (% total FA) | 2.93 ± 1.40 | 3.53 ± 1.57 | <.0001 |
| Eicosadienoic acid (% total FA) | 0.25 ± 0.07 | 0.25 ± 0.05 | 0.2 |
| Eicosatrienoic acid (% total FA) | 1.74 ± 0.40 | 1.71 ± 0.38 | 0.2 |
| Docosatrienoic acid (% total FA) | 2.80 ± 0.95 | 2.49 ± 0.69 | <.0001 |
| Statin use | 340 (44%) | 295 (38%) | .02 |
| Aspirin or other antiplatelet drug use | 387 (50%) | 241 (31%) | <.0001 |
1
sum of trans C16:1n7, trans C18:1n9, and trans, trans C18:2n6 isomers
The other fatty acids not reported here (2–3% of the total) included dimethylacetals, odd chain fatty acids, and very minor cis- and trans-positional isomers of palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids.
Values for continuous variables are means ± SD.