Table 2.
Clinical factors for participants with bipolar disorder
| number (percent) | |
|---|---|
| Rapid cycling | 19 (58%) |
| Mood states | |
| manic/mixed or hypomanic | 7 (21%) |
| depressive | 7 (21%) |
| euthymic | 19 (58%) |
| Medication | |
| unmedicated | 6 (18%) |
| lithium carbonate | 8 (24%) |
| anticonvulsants | 17 (52%) |
| atypical antipsychotics | 16 (48%) |
| benzodiazepines | 8 (24%) |
| History of substance related disorders* | 14 (42%) |
| Other comorbidity** | 3 (9%) |
*
This included 11 (33%) with a history of alcohol abuse or dependence, 6 (18%) of whom also had a history of other substance abuse or dependence, and an additional 3 (9%) BD participants had a history of other substance abuse or dependence. All of 14 subjects were at full remission for at least one year.
**
This included panic disorder (1, 3%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (2, 6%).