Figure 2. The pathways of sphingolipid metabolism.

Ceramide, a second messenger in the sphngomyelin signaling pathway, is generated during hydrolysis of sphigomyelin or de novo synthesis from serine and palmitoyl-CoA. Ceramide might be deacylated to form sphingosine and fatty acid, phosphorylated to form C1P or glycosylated to form glucosylceramide. SPT: serine palmitoyltransferase. C1P: ceramide-1-phosphate. S1p: sphingosine-1-phos-phate.