Figure 3.
Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ATF-2 in Env-elicited syncytia. (A and B) Detection and subcellular localization of p38 MAPK phosphorylated on T180/Y182 (p38T180/Y182P) and ATF-2 phosporylated on T271 (ATF-2T271P). HeLa Env/CD4 cocultures (Syn., 36 h) or freshly mixed single cell (SC) suspensions were subjected to immunoblot detection of p38 (irrespective of its phosphorylation status), p38T180/Y182P (A), or ATF-2T271P (B). Moreover, immunofluorescence stainings for the detection of p38T180/Y182P (A) or ATF-2T271P (B) were performed and representative examples of prekaryogamic (preKG) and karyogamic (KG) syncytia are depicted. Note that p38T180/Y182P is cytoplasmic in prekaryogamic syncytia and nuclear in karyogamic syncytia. (C and D) Temporary relationship of p38T180/Y182P with regard to apoptosis. Double staining experiments revealed that nuclear p38T180/Y182P was detectable whereas cytochrome c was still retained in a punctate cytoplasmic (mitochondrial) localization (C). Kinetic analyses indicate that nuclear p38T180/Y182P accumulation correlates with p53S46P (D) yet occurred before cytochrome c release and nuclear chromatin condensation.
