Figure 4. Schematic diagram of ocular-cell lineage formation during vertebrate development.

Tissues with ectopic lens formation (eLens) and a possibility of lens transdifferentiation (tdLens) are shown in blue and green, respectively. The ectopic lens formation can occur as a result of perturbed sonic hedgehog (see anterior pituitary) and Wnt signaling (see ectoderm). Missexpression of Pax6 (see ectoderm) and Six3 (see otic placode) can also produce ectopic lenses. Transdifferentiations of corneal epithelium, iris and RPE into lens illustrate reversibility of cellular memory and of epigenetic regulatory mechanisms.