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. 2006 Nov 27;203(12):2749–2761. doi: 10.1084/jem.20060710

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Copyright © 2006, The Rockefeller University Press

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Figure 2. — T cells migrate randomly within explanted tumors and become highly motile during tumor regression. (a) The tumor volume was measured in control and vaccinated animals for up to 19 d. (b) Single cell suspensions of tumors were analyzed for the presence of E7-specific CD8⁺ T cells using MHC class I tetramers. A representative FACS profile is shown in the top panel. The percentage of E7-specific cells within total live cells or CD8⁺ T cells was determined in a time course (bottom panels). (c) Sections of formalin-fixed TC-1 and TC1-ECFP (blue) tumors were analyzed with immunofluorescence microscopy for the presence and distribution of GFP⁺ cells (green). Bar, 200 μm. (d) Two-photon imaging was used to track and measure migratory characteristics of GFP⁺ T cells within explanted tumors (correlation between V_mean and confinement ratio: day 2: r = 0.48, P < 0.0001; day 4: r = 0.55, P < 0.0001). See Table I for statistical analysis of migratory parameters. (e) Mean displacement plots (left) and the relative frequency distribution of instantaneous velocities and turning angles (right) of nonconfined T cells in vaccinated animals are depicted (*, P < 0.001).