Fig. 10.
Dynamics of controlled variables for 45 ≤ t ≤ 90 s. A: peripheral resistance in the upper body [Raup(t)]. B: cardiac contractility of the left ventricle [clv(t)]. C: compliance of veins in the upper body [cvu(t)]. Results were obtained by solving Eq. 13 together with equations for the cardiovascular system (Eq. 2). Autonomic regulation yields increase in peripheral resistance, cardiac contractility, and vascular tone. The latter yields a decrease in compliance as shown. Timing of the different controls varies; especially, note that cardiac contractility changes faster than resistances and capacitances. Regulation of the remaining resistances, contractility, and compliances showed similar responses.