Figure 5 Engraftment of transplanted preconditioned hBM‐MSCs in the mouse liver without cellular fusion. Mouse major satellite DNA and human Alu sequences were detected by FISH 3 weeks after transplantation. Murine liver from non‐transplanted animals (A) and human liver (B), respectively, were incubated with both the Alu (green fluorescence) and mouse major satellite DNA (pink fluorescence) probe to demonstrate specific hybridisation to the respective DNA sequences without cross‐hybridisation. When probes were applied simultaneously to tissue sections from transplanted animals, mouse and human nuclei were identified by their specific hybridisation signals from the mouse major satellite DNA (pink signals) and human Alu sequences (green signals) (C). No co‐localisation of signals was observed, indicating that cell fusion was a rare event. (Bar 10 μm)