Figure 2.
In vivo effects of butyric acid, culture supernatant of F varium, and control substances on colorectal mucosa of mice. (A) Crypt abscess formation in a mouse treated with butyric acid. Inflammatory cell infiltration and early erosive changes are apparent in the upper portion of the colorectal mucosa. A crypt abscess (arrow) is noted. Pathological index of 3 (24 hours after butyrate enema, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), original magnification ×400). (B) Early mucosal changes in a mouse treated with a culture supernatant of F varium. Degenerative changes are evident in the superficial layer of the colorectal mucosa. Several apoptotic bodies (arrows) are present in the lower portions of the intestinal crypts. Mild inflammatory cell infiltration can be seen in the lamina propria. Pathological index of 2 (24 hours after supernatant enema, H&E, original magnification ×400). (C) Early diffuse erosion in a mouse treated with a culture supernatant of F varium. Diffuse erosive change is apparent in the colorectum, which shows luminal inflammatory exudation. Severe inflammatory cell infiltration can be seen in the lamina propria, with extensive gland loss. Pathological index of 4 (supernatant enema, H&E, original magnification ×400). (D) In this mouse and other mice treated with culture supernatant or butyric acid, many apoptotic cells are evident with terminal uridine DNA nick end labelling (TUNEL) in the lower part of the intestinal crypts (butyric acid enema, original magnification ×300).