Table 2.
Polymorphisms associated with increased prostate cancer risk
| Gene | Chromosomal locus | Function |
| TLR4 | 9q | Encodes a receptor that is a central player in the signalling pathways of the innate immune response to infection by Gram negative bacteria |
| CDKN1B (p27) | 12p | Belongs to the Cip/Kip family and functions as an important cell cycle gatekeeper |
| AR | Xq | May cause activation of androgen dependent genes |
| CYP17 | 10q | Enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of testosterone. |
| SRD5A2 | 2p | Converts testosterone to the more potent dihydrotestosterone |
AR, androgen receptor.