Figure 8. S1P induces Akt phosphorylation on Ser473 in ML-1 cells.
(A) Akt-Ser473 phosphorylation in control cells (white bars) or cells pre-treated with 1 μM VPC 23019 for 1 h (black bars) after stimulation with S1P or SEW-2871 (1 μM; hatched bar). (B) Akt phosphorylation in control cells (C) or cells preincubated with wortmannin (100 ng/ml, 1 h) or Ptx (100 ng/ml, 1 h) stimulated with vehicle (white bars) or 100 nM S1P (black bars). * indicates statistically significant differences compared with vehicle control and ◆ compared with untreated cells stimulated with 100 nM S1P. Results are means±S.E.M., n=3. *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***/◆◆◆P<0.001 (one-way ANOVA and Holm's post hoc test).