Fig. 2.
Steady-state induction of stator proteins. (A) Speed histograms for MotA strain populations at low (10 μM IPTG, 40 cells) and high (500 μM IPTG, 26 cells) induction. (B) Speed histograms for MotAB strain populations at low (0.05 mM l-arabinose, 107 cells) and high (5 mM l-arabinose, 52 cells) induction. (C) Chimera strain in 85 mM sodium chloride at low (5 μM ITPG, 30 cells) and high (25 μM IPTG, 30 cells) induction. (D) WT strain harvested early (2 h, 24 cells) or at the normal time (4 h, 52 cells). Each cell was measured for 20.4 s, producing 194 data points, with each one “count.” Speed bins correspond to the resolution of the power spectrum (1 Hz). At low induction, peaks occur because of discrete numbers of torque-generating units.