TABLE 4—
US Adults Reporting Asthma in Past Year, National Health Interview Survey, 1998–2000: Results of Logistic Regression Analysis
| Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | P Value for Wald F | |
| Intercept | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00) | <.001 |
| Survey year | .828 | |
| 1998 | 0.98 (0.89, 1.08) | |
| 1999 | 0.97 (0.87, 1.07) | |
| 2000a | 1.00 | |
| Demographic variables | ||
| Gender | <.001 | |
| Women | 1.94 (1.77, 2.13) | |
| Mena | 1.00 | |
| Age, y | <.001 | |
| 18–44 | 1.88 (1.65, 2.14) | |
| 45–65 | 1.60 (1.40, 1.82) | |
| ≥ 65a | 1.00 | |
| Place of birth | <.001 | |
| Puerto Rico | 0.72 (0.49, 1.07) | |
| Foreign country | 0.50 (0.41, 0.63) | |
| United Statesa | 1.00 | |
| Hispanic ethnicity and race | <.001 | |
| Puerto Rican | 2.33 (1.69, 3.20) | |
| Mexican American | 0.67 (0.52, 0.86) | |
| Mexican | 0.45 (0.32, 0.65) | |
| Other Hispanic | 0.84 (0.66, 1.08) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.83 (0.72, 0.94) | |
| Nnon-Hispanic Other | 0.98 (0.75, 1.29) | |
| Non-Hispanic Whitea | 1.00 | |
| Education | .001 | |
| Not a high school graduate | 1.29 (1.11, 1.50) | |
| High school graduate | 0.99 (0.87, 1.12) | |
| Some college | 1.13 (1.00, 1.27) | |
| College degree or abovea | 1.00 | |
| Poverty index | <.001 | |
| Below poverty level | 1.64 (1.44, 1.87) | |
| 100%–199% of poverty level | 1.28 (1.13, 1.45) | |
| 200% of poverty level or abovea | 1.00 | |
| Unknown | 0.91 (0.81, 1.02) | |
| Health behavior variables | ||
| Cigarette smoking status | <.001 | |
| Current smoker | 1.11 (1.00, 1.24) | |
| Former smoker | 1.23 (1.11, 1.36) | |
| Never smokeda | 1.00 | |
| Alcohol use status | <.001 | |
| Current drinker | 1.18 (1.04, 1.33) | |
| Former drinker | 1.36 (1.20, 1.54) | |
| Lifetime nondrinkera | 1.00 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | <.001 | |
| ≥ 30 (obese) | 1.81 (1.63, 2.02) | |
| 25–29.9 (overweight) | 1.21 (1.09, 1.35) | |
| 18.5–24.9 (normal weight)a | 1.00 | |
| < 18.5 (underweight) | 1.13 (0.86, 1.50) | |
| Unknown | 1.28 (1.02, 1.61) | |
| Health care variables | ||
| Health insurance coverage | .125 | |
| Not covered | 1.11 (0.97, 1.26) | |
| Covereda | 1.00 | |
| Most recent doctor visit | <.001 | |
| ≤ 6 months ago | 3.23 (2.73, 3.83) | |
| > 6 months ago to 1 year | 1.56 (1.26, 1.93) | |
| > 1 year ago or nevera | 1.00 | |
| Geographic variables | ||
| Census region of residence | <.001 | |
| West | 1.34 (1.17, 1.53) | |
| South | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | |
| Midwest | 0.93 (0.80, 1.07) | |
| Northeasta | 1.00 | |
| Area of residence | .001 | |
| MSA, central city | 1.16 (1.03, 1.32) | |
| MSA, not central city | 0.97 (0.86, 1.08) | |
| Non-MSAa | 1.00 | |
Note. MSA = metropolitan statistical area.
aReference category. For ordinal variables, the reference category was the highest or lowest category large enough to provide a stable comparison. For nominal variables, the reference category was selected on the basis of literature review and our expertise.