Table 2.
Summary of clinical and lesion characteristics in parakinesia brachialis oscitans. Values are n (%) unless otherwise stated. Percentages are calculated on the denominator stated for each block. Associated neurological features and anatomical levels are not mutually exclusive. Onset beyond one month ranged from 2 to 4 months. Among cases resolving after more than one week, time to resolution ranged from 2 weeks to 5 months. Among cases that persisted, follow-up extended to 3 years.
|
| |
|---|---|
| VARIABLE | N (%) |
|
| |
| Sex (n = 31) | |
|
| |
| Men | 21 (67.7) |
|
| |
| Women | 10 (32.3) |
|
| |
| Age at onset, years (n = 31) | |
|
| |
| Mean (SD) | 56.1 (13.6) |
|
| |
| Range | 20 to 76 |
|
| |
| Laterality of symptoms (n = 31) | |
|
| |
| Left | 19 (61.3) |
|
| |
| Right | 12 (38.7) |
|
| |
| Limb involvement (n = 31) | |
|
| |
| Upper only | 29 (93.5) |
|
| |
| Upper and lower | 2 (6.5) |
|
| |
| Associated neurological features (n = 31) | |
|
| |
| Dysarthria | 10 (32.3) |
|
| |
| Facial weakness | 10 (32.3) |
|
| |
| Aphasia | 6 (19.4) |
|
| |
| Sensory abnormalities | 3 (9.7) |
|
| |
| Headache | 3 (9.7) |
|
| |
| Limb incoordination | 2 (6.5) |
|
| |
| Reduced level of consciousness | 2 (6.5) |
|
| |
| Vertigo | 1 (3.2) |
|
| |
| Visual field deficit | 1 (3.2) |
|
| |
| Seizures | 1 (3.2) |
|
| |
| Time to PBO onset (n = 31) | |
|
| |
| At presentation | 9 (29.0) |
|
| |
| 1 to 7 days | 11 (35.5) |
|
| |
| More than 1 week to 1 month | 5 (16.1) |
|
| |
| More than 1 month | 2 (6.5) |
|
| |
| Not specified | 4 (12.9) |
|
| |
| Anatomical level involved (n = 27) | |
|
| |
| Internal capsule | 12 (44.4) |
|
| |
| Corona radiata or subcortical white matter | 11 (40.7) |
|
| |
| Basal ganglia | 8 (29.6) |
|
| |
| Cortex | 6 (22.2) |
|
| |
| Brainstem | 4 (14.8) |
|
| |
| Thalamus | 1 (3.7) |
|
| |
| Etiology (n = 31) | |
|
| |
| Acute ischemic stroke | 26 (83.9) |
|
| |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 3 (9.7) |
|
| |
| Inflammatory or demyelinating lesion | 2 (6.5) |
|
| |
| Outcome (n = 31) | |
|
| |
| Resolved within 1 week | 4 (12.9) |
|
| |
| Resolved after more than 1 week | 4 (12.9) |
|
| |
| Resolved, timing not reported | 2 (6.5) |
|
| |
| Improved but not resolved | 1 (3.2) |
|
| |
| Persisted at last follow-up | 5 (16.1) |
|
| |
| Not reported | 15 (48.4) |
|
| |