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. 2026 Sep 11;202(2):kiag675. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiag675

Figure 5.

Comparison of rhizosphere dissolved oxygen distributions around crown roots of four rice cultivars. Oxygen concentrations are elevated near root tips and vary with root length and cultivar. Among the cultivars, Tupa121-3 tends to show lower dissolved oxygen concentrations across root length classes, indicating reduced rhizosphere oxidation relative to the other cultivars.

Visualization and quantification of dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles along crown roots in 4 rice cultivars. a–d) Representative images showing DO distributions in the root systems of each cultivar at 3 wk after sowing. Arrowheads indicate the positions of elongating root tips. Scale bars = 3 cm. e–h) Longitudinal DO profiles across different root-length classes for each cultivar. Colored lines indicate mean rhizosphere DO values, pale-colored lines indicate values for individual roots, and black lines represent background soil DO values. Asterisks denote significant differences between rhizosphere and background soil values (2-tailed Student's t-test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). The numbers adjacent to the data points indicate the number of replicates.