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. 2026 Jun 23;12:199. doi: 10.1038/s41522-026-01054-z

Table 2.

Results of the structural equation model for VFGs

Latent relationships Total effect Direct effect Indirect effect
Standardized coefficient P value Standardized coefficient P value
Habitat → ARGs −0.22 −0.22 0.051 - -
Habitat → Phage −0.27 −0.27 0.015 - -
Habitat → VFGs −0.37 −0.14 0.002 −0.23 <0.001
Habitat → ARGs → VFGs 0.66 0.85 <0.001 −0.18 0.053
Habitat → Phage → VFGs 0.13 0.18 <0.001 −0.05 0.040