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. 2026 Sep 28;20:1907920. doi: 10.3389/fninf.2026.1907920

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Copyright © 2026 Arzate-Mena, Olguín-Rodríguez, Corsi-Cabrera, López-Alvarado and Müller.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Boxplot graphic comparing correlation coefficients across frequency bands (Ω, δ, θ, α, β, γ) for four brain states: Wake, S2, S4, and REM. The upper panel shows purple boxplots with generally higher and more variable coefficients, while the lower panel shows teal boxplots with coefficients more centered around zero. Both panels display outliers, with the y-axis ranging from -1.00 to 1.00 and each subpanel labeled by sleep state. — Distribution of cross-correlation coefficients separately for different sleep stages and frequency bands. Data were collected for all 10 subjects with a 30 s non-overlapping running window. Top/bottom row display results obtained for the RF/FR pre-processing scheme, respectively.