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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Oct 3.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Protoc. 2025 Nov 19;21(5):1841–1868. doi: 10.1038/s41596-025-01272-3

Table 2 |.

ELISA estimates of antibodies conjugated per ICGJ-PS under various treatment conditions of ICGJ-PS with aEGFR and aFRα

Samplea,b Antibody oxidation time (min)c Number of washes with 500 μl of 1× PBSd Number of antibodies per ICGJ-PS particle (rounded off to the nearest whole number) estimated by ELISA
ICGJ-PS-aFRɑ 30 1 17
ICGJ-PS-aFRɑ 30 4 13
ICGJ-PS-aFRɑ 5 1 11
ICGJ-PS-aFRɑ 5 4 9
ICGJ-PS physical mixture with aFRɑ 30 1 11
ICGJ-PS physical mixture with aFRɑ 30 4 3
ICGJ-PS physical mixture with aFRɑ 5 1 15
ICGJ-PS physical mixture with aFRɑ 5 4 6
Unmodified ICGJ-PS – – 0
ICGJ-PS-aEGFR 30 1 23
ICGJ-PS-aEGFR 30 4 21
ICGJ-PS-aEGFR 5 1 14
ICGJ-PS-aEGFR 5 4 6
ICGJ-PS physical mixture with aEGFR 30 1 19
ICGJ-PS physical mixture with aEGFR 30 4 10
ICGJ-PS physical mixture with aEGFR 5 1 12
ICGJ-PS physical mixture with aEGFR 5 4 5
Unmodified ICGJ-PS – – 0
a

ICGJ-PS-aEGFR or ICGJ-PS-aFRα indicates the covalently bonded conjugates of ICGJ-PS via click chemistry (carried out for 12 h), which retain most of the antibodies after repeated washing.

b

ICGJ-PS physical mixture with aFRɑ or aEGFR antibodies indicates that the oxidized antibodies without a linker were mixed and incubated with ICGJ-PS for the same duration of 12 h as was used during the covalent antibody conjugation.

c

The antibodies were oxidized for different time durations in Step 2.

d

The number of washes of unbound antibodies during Steps 15 and 16. The numbers of antibodies presented in this table represent the mean (n = 3).