Table 1.
Cohort characteristics of enrolled patient discharges stratified by intervention period.
| Characteristic | Pre-intervention (n = 10,537) | Post-intervention (n = 12,024) | Absolute Standardized Difference | Missing, n (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, median [Q1, Q3] | 65 [53, 75] | 66 [53, 75] | 0.021 | 0 (0%) |
| Sex, n (%) | 0.002 | 0 (0%) | ||
| Female | 4823 (46%) | 5492 (46%) | ||
| Male | 5714 (54%) | 6532 (54%) | ||
| Race, n (%) | 0.045 | 263 (1.17%) | ||
| Black | 949 (9%) | 1057 (9%) | ||
| White | 8582 (82%) | 9592 (81%) | ||
| Other | 920 (9%) | 1198 (10%) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.045 | 221 (0.98%) | ||
| Hispanic or Latino | 678 (6%) | 907 (8%) | ||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 9780 (94%) | 10975 (92%) | ||
| Postal code, n (%) | 0.026 | 0 (0%) | ||
| Urban | 8012 (76%) | 9007 (75%) | ||
| Rural | 2525 (24%) | 3017 (25%) | ||
| Primary insurance, n (%) | 0.033 | 0 (0%) | ||
| Medicaid | 1186 (11%) | 1231 (10%) | ||
| Other | 9351 (89%) | 10793 (90%) | ||
| Emergent case, n (%) | 0.027 | 0 (0%) | ||
| Emergent | 653 (6%) | 826 (7%) | ||
| Other | 9884 (94%) | 11198 (93%) | ||
| Procedural specialty, n (%) | 0.071 | 0 (0%) | ||
| Cardiology and Pulmonary | 2648 (25%) | 3024 (25%) | ||
| Gastrointestinal | 2016 (19%) | 2099 (17%) | ||
| General | 1748 (17%) | 2116 (18%) | ||
| Neurological | 903 (9%) | 990 (8%) | ||
| Cardiothoracic | 775 (7%) | 964 (8%) | ||
| Orthopedic | 660 (6%) | 867 (7%) | ||
| Otolaryngologic, Plastic Surgery and Urologic | 597 (6%) | 679 (6%) | ||
| Obstetric or Gynecologic | 534 (5%) | 554 (5%) | ||
| Vascular | 396 (4%) | 415 (3%) | ||
| Other | 260 (2%) | 316 (3%) | ||
| Hospital LOS, median [Q1, Q3] | 5 [3, 10] | 5 [3, 10] | 0.011 | 0 (0%) |
| Last pain score, mean (SD) | 0.89 (1.83) | 0.92 (1.84) | 0.019 | 0 (0%) |
Abbreviations: CDS – clinical decision support; LOS – length of stay