| Variable | Description | Category | N* | Total* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgery | Surgery during hospital admission | No | 1571 (4%) | 36,300 (0%) |
| Yes | 34,729 (96%) | |||
| Encounter type† | Patient classification status | Inpatient | 24,898 (69%) | 36,300 (0%) |
| Observation | 11,602 (31%) | |||
| ICU | In the ICU for at least 48 h | No | 35,709 (98%) | 36,300 (0%) |
| Yes | 591 (2%) | |||
| Mortality level | Ordered categorical variable of the mortality risk modifier according to the All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Groups schema | None or Minor | 15,846 (64%) | 24,893 (31.4%) |
| Moderate | 5691 (23%) | |||
| Major | 2626 (11%) | |||
| Extreme | 730 (3%) | |||
| Severity level | Ordered categorical variable of the illness severity modifier according to the All Patients Refined Diagnosis Related Groups schema | None or Minor | 7994 (32%) | 24,893 (31.4%) |
| Moderate | 12,239 (49%) | |||
| Major | 3707 (15%) | |||
| Extreme | 956 (4%) | |||
| Living | Patient’s living environment | Alone | 8,061 (23%) | 35,337 (2.7%) |
| With caregiver | 25,775 (73%) | |||
| In facility | 1501 (4%) | |||
| Stairs | Stairs to enter the home | No | 7247 (21%) | 34,722 (4.3%) |
| Yes | 27,475 (79%) | |||
| Home style | Home setup | First-floor setup | 21,001 (66%) | 31,609 (12.9%) |
| Split level | 1750 (6%) | |||
| Multilevel | 8858 (28%) | |||
| Prior function | Prehospital level of function (according to patient or family report) as recorded in Epic flowsheet pick list | Independent | 27,426 (77%) | 35,505 (2.2%) |
| IADL dependent | 3882 (11%) | |||
| ADL dependent | 4197 (12%) | |||
| PT complexity | PT-designated complexity at time of evaluation | Low | 27,239 (75%) | 36,222 (0.2%) |
| Moderate | 8578 (24%) | |||
| High | 405 (1%) | |||
| Readmission | Readmitted to a CCHS hospital within 30 d of hospital discharge | No | 35,477 (98%) | 36,300 (0%) |
| Yes | 823 (2%) | |||
| Discharge home | Discharged from the hospital to home | No | 9151 (25%) | 36,156 (0.4%) |
| Yes | 27,005 (75%) | |||
| Activity improved | Minimally detectable improvement in daily activities | No | 8348 (80%) | 10,476 (71.1%) |
| Yes | 2128 (20%) | |||
| Mobility improved | Minimally detectable improvement in basic mobility | No | 12,474 (42%) | 29,563 (18.6%) |
| Yes | 17,089 (58%) |
We differentiated between patients admitted under inpatient status versus those classified as observation status. Observation status was not a prerequisite for inpatient admission. Initially, the year was included as a covariate to examine the potential impact of COVID-19. However, during model development and tuning, we observed negligible variance in both predictor variables (proportion, total duration, and frequency of occupational therapy minutes) and outcome measures across different years. Given this limited temporal variability in our target variables, we excluded year as a covariate in the final model to optimize parsimony.
Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living. ICU, intensive care unit; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living; CCHS, 11 Cleveland Clinic Hospitals.
Percentage of missing responses.
Patient classification for admission.