Table 3.
Predicted Probability of Initiating Medications for Alcohol Use Disorder During and Following Hospitalization, by Clinical and Hospitalization Characteristics
| Predicted Probability of MAUD Initiation, % | Predicted Difference Between Groups, % | |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol-Related Characteristics | ||
| Prior AUD Diagnosis | ||
| No Diagnosis in Prior Year | 28.30 (26.90 to 29.69) | Reference |
| Diagnosis in Prior Year | 31.27 (30.68 to 31.87) | 2.98 (1.41 to 4.55) |
| Remote Prior Use of MAUD | ||
| No Use in Prior Year | 27.55 (26.95 to 28.14) | Reference |
| Fill Between 6 and 12 Months Prior to Hospitalization | 40.57 (39.34 to 41.80) | 13.03 (11.61 to 14.45) |
| Prior OUD Diagnosis | ||
| No Diagnosis in Prior Year | 31.57 (30.99 to 32.16) | Reference |
| Diagnosis in Prior Year | 26.06 (24.59 to 27.53) | −5.52 (−7.14 to −3.89) |
| Pre-Admission AUDIT-C Category (Score) | ||
| No Reported Use (0) | 28.93 (27.38 to 30.48) | −2.64 (−4.71 to −0.57) |
| Low Use (1-2 for females; 1-3 for males) | 27.86 (26.32 to 29.40) | −3.71 (−5.76 to −1.66) |
| Unhealthy Use (3-6 for females; 4-6 for males) | 31.57 (30.17 to 32.97) | Reference |
| High Risk Use (7-8) | 31.38 (29.54 to 33.22) | −0.19 (−2.48 to 2.10) |
| Very High Risk Use (≥9) | 31.36 (30.40 to 32.32) | −0.21 (−1.88 to 1.46) |
| Missing | 31.45 (30.00 to 32.89) | −0.12 (−2.20 to 1.95) |
| Clinical Characteristics | ||
| VA CAN Score | ||
| 0-19 | 35.08 (32.86 to 37.30) | Reference |
| 20-39 | 33.58 (32.22 to 34.94) | −1.50 (−3.87 to 0.88) |
| 40-59 | 30.38 (29.23 to 31.53) | −4.69 (−7.11 to −2.28) |
| 60-79 | 28.74 (27.58 to 29.91) | −6.33 (−8.91 to −3.76) |
| 80-99 | 28.76 (27.39 to 30.14) | −6.31 (−9.14 to −3.49) |
| Missing | 32.28 (30.32 to 34.25) | −2.79 (−5.75 to 0.16) |
| Frailty Category | ||
| Non/prefrail | 32.04 (31.28 to 32.81) | Reference |
| Mild/Moderately Frail | 29.40 (28.29 to 30.52) | −2.64 (−4.12 to −1.15) |
| Severely Frail | 26.06 (23.86 to 28.27) | −5.98 (−8.47 to −3.48) |
| Hospitalization Characteristics | ||
| Intensive Care Unit Stay | ||
| None | 31.04 (30.49 to 31.59) | Reference |
| Any | 27.69 (25.84 to 29.54) | −3.35 (−5.30 to −1.41) |
| Addiction Specialty Consult | ||
| None | 29.31 (28.69 to 29.93) | Reference |
| Clinician | 37.07 (35.12 to 39.02) | 7.76 (5.56 to 9.96) |
| Non-clinician | 38.96 (35.38 to 42.54) | 9.65 (6.01 to 13.29) |
| Discharging Specialty | ||
| Medicine | 26.24 (25.47 to 27.00) | Reference |
| Psychiatry | 37.45 (36.34 to 38.56) | 11.21 (9.70 to 12.73) |
| Surgery | 26.77 (24.24 to 29.29) | 0.53 (−2.06 to 3.12) |
| Discharge Disposition | ||
| Regular | 31.97 (31.41 to 32.53) | Reference |
| Domiciliary | 30.32 (21.28 to 39.35) | −1.65 (−10.71 to 7.41) |
| Against Medical Advice | 18.56 (16.97 to 20.15) | −13.41 (−15.09 to −11.73) |
| Discharge Year | ||
| 2022 | 29.52 (28.80 to 30.24) | Reference |
| 2023 | 32.05 (31.30 to 32.79) | 2.53 (1.50 to 3.55) |
Note. Predicted probabilities and differences generated from logistic regression models adjusting for hospitalization-level fixed effects (demographics, alcohol-related disorder characteristics, clinical characteristics and utilization, and hospitalization characteristics – as detailed in Table 1) as well as fixed effects for hospital site. Table 2 provides predicted probabilities for demographic characteristics from same models. Statistically significant predicted differences based on 95% confidence intervals are bolded.
Abbreviations: MAUD, medications for alcohol use disorder; AUD, alcohol use disorder; AUDIT-C, Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise; OUD, opioid use disorder, CAN, Care Assessment Need