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Directed acyclic graph outlining the model and variables used for causal mediation analysis.
X = Exposure: lower income quartile (Y/N)
m = Mediators: patient insurance status, asthma status, comorbidity, smoke/tobacco exposure, and hospital capacity
y = Outcomes: admission length of stay and cost
z = Confounders: patient age category, sex, race/ethnicity, year, and location; hospital region, ownership, location and teaching status; and admission season, and weekend
