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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Mar 10.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Methods Primers. 2023 Jul 27;3:56. doi: 10.1038/s43586-023-00240-z

Fig. 5 |. Extracellular vesicle characterization methodology.

Fig. 5 |

Overview of various extracellular vesicle (EV) characterization methods and their performance metrics. The sample amount for immunoblotting analysis can vary depending on methodological sensitivity, for example between normal western blot versus capillary western blot. The sample amount required for biomolecular concentration measurements varies depending on the abundance of measured biomolecule, whether protein, nucleic acids or others. AFM, atomic force microscopy; cryo-EM, cryo-electron microscopy; DLS, dynamic light scattering; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FC, flow cytometry; immuno-EM, immuno-electron microscopy; MALS, multi-angle light scattering; NTA, nanoparticle tracking analysis; RI, refractive index; SLS, static light scattering; SP-IRIS, single-particle interferometric reflectance imaging sensors; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; (T)RPS, (tunable) resistive pulse sensing.