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. 2025 Dec 28;28:41. doi: 10.1186/s13058-025-02207-2

Table 6.

Base case: Five-year QALY and cost changes by breast cancer subtype under care disruption

Molecular subtype Cohort (n) Non-disrupted care (2017–2019) Disrupted-care (2020) Incremental costs & QALYs (Disrupted-care vs. Non-disrupted care)
QALYs Cost (€) Death % QALYs Cost (€) Death % ∆QALYs ∆Cost (€) ∆% Point Additional deaths
Luminal A Total cohort (n = 5479) 20,987.5 179,522,108 2.80 20,982.7 180,004,052 2.88 − 4.8 481,944 0.08 2
Per patient 3.831 32,765 3.830 32,853 − 0.001 88
Luminal B Total cohort (n = 2740) 10,378.9 103,245,734 4.04 10,375.0 103,770,423 4.09 − 4.0 524, 689 0.05 1
Per patient 3.788 37,681 3.786 37,872 − 0.001 191
HER2 +  Total cohort (n = 609) 2, 242.4 82, 155, 748 8.06 2, 240.0 82, 702, 749 8.13 − 2.5 547, 000 0.07 1
P,r patient 3.682 134,903 3.678 135,801 − 0.004 898
TNBC Total cohort(n = 1319) 4,764.4 319,433,158 10.81 4,754.9 321,072,481 11.01 − 9.5 1,639,323 0.20 2
Per patient 3.612 242,178 3.605 243,421 − 0.007 1,243
Breast cancer Total cohort(n = 10,147) −   -20.7  3,192,956
Per patient −   -0.002  315

HER2 + Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–positive, QALY Quality-Adjusted Life Year, TNBC Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

***bold values indicate incremental outcomes comparing disrupted care (2020) with non-disrupted care (2017–2019), representing the health and economic impact attributable to COVID-19–related breast cancer diagnosis disruption