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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Feb 10.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Top Dev Biol. 2025 Apr 9;165:353–404. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2025.03.006

Table 1.

Location and embryonic origin of lingual taste papillae in mice

Pharyngeal Arch Germ Layer Tongue Epithelium Taste Epithelium
1st arch Ectoderm Anterior 2/3 of oral tongue Fungiform Papillae
2nd arch Endoderm N/A N/A
3rd arch Endoderm Posterior 1/3 of oral tongue Foliate and Circumvallate Papillae
4th arch Endoderm Pharynx, esophagus, epiglottis Pharyngeal, esophageal, epiglottal taste buds