Table 2.
Proteins shown to be downregulated in tumor cells in response to exposure to DDW
| Enzyme | Significance |
|---|---|
| ALDH4A1 | Mitochondrial NAD-dependent dehydrogenase; essential role in pathway converting proline to glutamate |
| FDXR | Mitochondrial flavoprotein that converts NADP+ to NADPH |
| H6PD | A dehydrogenase that converts NADP+ to NADPH |
| DHFR | Regenerates THF by reducing NADPH to NADP+ |
| GPX4 | Oxidizes glutathione, an important antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria |
ALDH4A1, aldehyde dehydrogenase 4 A1; DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase; FDXR, ferredoxin reductase; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; H6PD, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; THF, tetrahydrofolate.