Fig 4.
Low concentrations of PTX or Noc enhance the nuclear targeting and the motility of Ad2 in A549 cells. (A) Untreated A549 cells (mock) or cells treated with 1 nM Noc or 1 nM PTX (Tax) for 18 hr were infected with Ad2-TR in RPMI-BSA at 37°C. In randomly selected untreated or drug-treated cells, the nuclear, perinuclear, cytoplasmic, and peripheral fluorescence of Ad2-TR was quantitated 15 min (Upper) or 40 min (Lower) p.i. The bars represent the average of fluorescence ± SEM of 20–40 independent measurements. (B) Untreated A549 cells (no drug) or cells treated with 1 nM of either PTX (Tax) or Noc for 18 hr were infected with Ad2-TR in RPMI-BSA at 37°C for 15 min followed by further incubation in RPMI-BSA in the presence of PTX or Noc but without the virus until imaging of Ad2-TR was completed. Ad2-TR was imaged in time-lapse mode, and ES were analyzed for each viral particle at 0–20 min (Upper) or 20–50 min (Lower) p.i. Population motilities (pop mot) represent the mean number of ES larger than 0.1 μm/s divided by the total of ES of each particle. Mot c and mot p were defined as the average fractions of the vectorial ES components larger than 0.1 μm/s directed toward the cell center (mot c) and toward the cell periphery (mot p), including the SEM and P values. For all measurements, (−) indicates motility toward the cell's center.