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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Sep 2.
Published in final edited form as: Neuropsychologia. 2025 Sep 2;219:109252. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2025.109252

Figure 3:

Figure 3:

Example patient and control trajectories. “Start” is randomized start location and “target” is location they were cued to find. Left panels for each city (“remote,” “recent,” “novel”) show trials in which the participant did not use an efficient path, right panels show an efficient path. Note that the bird-flight (“optimal” black arrow) was not typically possible due to buildings and other obstacles.