Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2025 Sep 21;15(10):357. doi: 10.1007/s13205-025-04530-z

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2025. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 5 — A, B IC₅₀ of adapalene and ranolazine against collagen-induced platelet aggregation. C Adapalene and ranolazine ameliorated the collagen-induced platelet aggregation. D Adapalene and ranolazine showed no effect on ADP-induced platelet aggregation. E Adapalene and ranolazine showed no effect on thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. ^ap < 0.05 compared to collagen/ADP/Thrombin, ^bp < 0.05 compared to collagen/ADP/Thrombin + 5 μM ADA, ^cp < 0.05 compared to collagen/ADP/Thrombin + 10 μM ADA, ^dp < 0.05 compared to collagen/ADP/Thrombin + 20 μM ADA, ^ep < 0.05 compared to collagen/ADP/Thrombin + 5 μM RAN, ^fp < 0.05 compared to collagen/ADP/Thrombin + 10 μM RAN, and ^gp < 0.05 compared to collagen/ADP/Thrombin + 20 μM RAN in their respective groups. All values are represented in the form of mean ± SD (n = 6). (One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test). F Comparative activity of adapalene, ranolazine, and tirofiban (temporal study) on platelet aggregation. ^ap < 0.05 compared to collagen + 5 μM ADA, ^bp < 0.05 compared to collagen + 5 μM RAN, ^cp < 0.05 compared to fibrinogen + 5 μM Tirofiban, ^dp < 0.05 compared to collagen + 10 μM ADA, ^ep < 0.05 compared to collagen + 10 μM RAN, ^fp < 0.05 compared to fibrinogen + 10 μM tirofiban, ^gp < 0.05 compared to collagen + 20 μM ADA, and ^hp < 0.05 compared to collagen + 20 μM RAN in their respective groups. All values are represented in the form of mean ± SD (n = 6). (One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test)