TABLE 1.
Summary of clinical characteristics and HPIV-4 investigation results for the 41 outbreak casesa
| Case | Sex/age (yr) | Ward/ cubicle | Onset day from outbreak | Underlying disease | Infection | CXR findings | Result of:
|
Titer of IgG against HPIV-4
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RT-PCR | Direct IF | Vero E6 culture | LCC-MK2 culture | Acute phase | Convalescent phase | |||||||
| 1 | M/7 | 1/D | 1 | Mental retardation of unknown cause, bronchiectasis, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | + | NA | + | 1:1,600 | 1:800 |
| 2 | F/6 | 1/D | 3 | Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, bronchiectasis, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | + | − | − | 1:12,800 | 1:6,400 |
| 3 | M/8 | 1/C | 3 | Birth asphyxia, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | LRTI | Bilateral infiltrates | + | + | − | + | 1:100 | >1:400 |
| 4 | M/15 | 1/B | 3 | Lissencephaly, bronchiectasis, chair bound | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | − | − | − | 1:400 | 1:1,600 |
| 5 | F/7 | 3/A | 3 | Subarachnoid hemorrhage, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | − | − | − | 1:400 | 1:800 |
| 6 | F/8 | 1/B | 4 | Congenital myopathy, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | − | − | − | 1:1,600 | 1:3,200 |
| 7 | M/10 | 1/B | 5 | Birth asphyxia, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | + | 1:100 | >1:400 |
| 8 | M/10 | 1/B | 5 | Inborn errors of metabolism, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | 1:100 | >1:400 |
| 9 | M/8 | 1/C | 5 | Congenital myotonic dystrophy, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | 1:25 | >1:400 |
| 10 | M/16 | 1/A | 5 | X-linked mental retardation, bronchiectasis, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | − | − | − | 1:12,800 | 1:6,400 |
| 11 | F/7 | 1/C | 6 | Mental retardation of unknown cause, bronchiectasis, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | + | + | 1:100 | >1:400 |
| 12 | M/10 | 1/A | 6 | Acute or chronic subdural hematoma, recurrent chest | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | + | NA | − | NA | NA |
| infections, chair bound | ||||||||||||
| 13 | F/11 | 3/A | 6 | Birth asphyxia | URTI | Clear | + | − | − | − | 1:200 | 1:400 |
| 14 | F/9 | 3/C | 6 | Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency, chair bound | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | + | + | − | <1:25 | >1:400 |
| 15 | M/4 | 1/C | 6 | Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | + | <1:25 | 1:400 |
| 16 | M/11 | 3/A | 6 | Lennox-Gastaut syndrome | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | 1:100 | 1:400 |
| 17 | M/12 | 1/C | 7 | Encephalitis, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | 1:100 | >1:400 |
| 18 | F/8 | 1/C | 7 | Chromosomal abnormalities, cyanotic heart disease, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | + | <1:25 | 1:400 |
| 19 | M/16 | 1/B | 8 | Birth asphyxia, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | LRTI | Right lung haziness | + | − | − | − | 1:3,200 | 1:3,200 |
| 20 | M/17 | 1/B | 8 | Birth asphyxia, chair bound | URTI | Not taken | + | + | − | + | 1:25 | >1:400 |
| 21 | F/13 | 1/B | 8 | Birth asphyxia, bronchiectasis, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | − | + | + | 1:25 | >1:400 |
| 22 | M/15 | 1/C | 8 | Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, recurrent chest infections. chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | 1:25 | >1:400 |
| 23 | M/10 | 1/B | 9 | Prematurity, chair bound | URTI | Not taken | + | − | + | − | 1:200 | 1:800 |
| 24 | F/11 | 1/A | 9 | Mental retardation of unknown cause, chair bound | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | + | − | + | <1:25 | >1:400 |
| 25 | F/12 | 1/A | 10 | Cri-du-chat syndrome, Eisenmenger syndrome, chair bound | URTI | Not taken | + | + | + | − | <1:25 | >1:400 |
| 26 | M/15 | 3/D | 10 | Lissencephaly, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | − | − | − | <1:25 | >1:400 |
| 27 | F/15 | 1/C | 10 | Early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, recurrent chest infections. chair bound | LRTI | Right lower zone consolidation | + | + | − | 1:100 | >1:400 | |
| 28 | M/6 | 1/B | 11 | Inborn errors of metabolism, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | + | + | + | 1:25 | >1:400 |
| 29 | F/13 | 3/C | 11 | Neonatal jaundice, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | + | 1:25 | >1:400 |
| 30 | M/14 | 1/C | 12 | Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita, chair bound | URTI | Not taken | + | + | − | + | 1:25 | >1:400 |
| 31 | M/13 | 1/B | 12 | Mental retardation of unknown cause, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | No new infiltrates | + | + | − | + | 1:100 | >1:400 |
| 32 | F/7 | 3/C | 13 | Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | + | <1:25 | >1:400 |
| 33 | F/15 | 1/B | 14 | Mental retardation of unknown cause, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | NA | NA |
| 34 | M/10 | 1/C | 14 | Status epilepticus, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | 1:25 | >1:400 |
| 35 | F/13 | 1/C | 16 | Birth asphyxia, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | 1:100 | >1:400 |
| 36 | M/11 | 1/C | 16 | Congenital cytomegalovirus infection, recurrent chest infections, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | 1:400 | >1:1,600 |
| 37 | M/12 | 1/B | 16 | Mental retardation of unknown cause, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | 1:100 | 1:400 |
| 38 | F/15 | 1/B | 21 | Rubenstein-Taybi syndrome, chair bound | URTI | Clear | + | + | − | − | NA | NA |
| 39 | F/25 | 8 | None | URTI | Clear | + | − | − | NA | NA | NA | |
| 40 | F/46 | 17 | None | URTI | Not taken | + | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| 41 | F/25 | 17 | None | URTI | Clear | + | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
a
URTI, upper respiratory tract infection; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; CXR, chest radiograph; IF, immunofluorescence; NA, not available.