Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of AMI population, across different liver indices (FIB-4, APRI and NFS scores).
| Overall for FIB-4 and APRIc (N = 3287) |
FIB-4 < 1.3 (N = 455) |
1.3 ≤ FIB-4 < 3.25 (N = 1027) |
FIB-4 ≥ 3.25 (N = 1805) |
p-value | APRI ≤ 0.3 (N = 685) |
0.3 < APRI < 1.5 (N = 1369) |
APRI ≥ 1.5 (N = 1233) |
p-value | Overall for NFSb, c (N = 2143) |
NFS < -1.455 (N = 161) |
-1.455 ≤ NFS ≤ 0.676 (N = 684) |
NFS > 0.676 (N = 1298) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics a | ||||||||||||||
| Age, year | 64 (13) | 58 (12) | 65 (14) | 66 (13) | p < 0.001 | 66 (13) | 65 (14) | 63 (13) | p < 0.001 | 67 (12) | 58 (11) | 65 (12) | 69 (11) | p < 0.001 |
| Female | 797 (24.2) | 117 (25.7) | 289 (28.1) | 391 (21.7) | p < 0.001 | 228 (33.3) | 349 (25.5) | 220 (17.8) | p < 0.001 | 545 (25.4) | 27 (16.8) | 157 (23.0) | 361 (27.8) | p = 0.002 |
| BMI (kg/m2) c | 25.4 (4.7) | 26.5 (4.9) | 25.4 (4.6) | 25.1 (4.7) | p < 0.001 | 25.8 (4.8) | 25.4 (4.7) | 25.1 (4.6) | p = 0.011 | 25.3 (4.71) | 24.6 (4.2) | 24.5 (3.9) | 25.9 (5.1) | p < 0.001 |
| Ethnicity | p = 0.006 | p = 0.117 | p = 0.485 | |||||||||||
| Chinese | 1799 (54.7) | 211 (46.4) | 565 (55.0) | 1024 (56.7) | 367 (53.6) | 768 (56.1) | 664 (53.9) | 1270 (59.3) | 99 (61.5) | 399 (58.3) | 772 (59.5) | |||
| Malay | 710 (21.6) | 119 (26.2) | 221 (21.5) | 370 (20.5) | 175 (25.5) | 278 (20.3) | 257 (20.8) | 491 (22.9) | 38 (23.6) | 166 (24.3) | 287 (22.1) | |||
| Indian | 547 (16.6) | 90 (19.8) | 168 (16.5) | 288 (16.0) | 100 (14.6) | 233 (17.0) | 214 (17.4) | 290 (13.5) | 17 (10.6) | 87 (12.7) | 186 (14.3) | |||
| Caucasian | 14 (0.4) | 0 | 5 (0.5) | 9 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.3) | 6 (0.5) | 7 (0.3) | 0 | 4 (0.6) | 3 (0.2) | |||
| Current smoker | 961 (29.2) | 143 (31.4) | 253 (24.6) | 565 (31.3) | p < 0.001 | 148 (21.6) | 390 (28.5) | 423 (34.3) | p < 0.001 | 564 (26.3) | 62 (38.5) | 199 (29.1) | 303 (23.3) | p < 0.001 |
| Past medical history a | ||||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 2153 (65.5) | 300 (65.9) | 729 (71.0) | 1124 (62.3) | p < 0.001 | 537 (78.4) | 920 (67.2) | 696 (56.4) | p < 0.001 | 1501 (70.0) | 84 (52.2) | 453 (66.2) | 964 (74.3) | p < 0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1673 (50.9) | 280 (61.5) | 591 (57.5) | 802 (44.4) | p < 0.001 | 445 (65.0) | 701 (51.2) | 527 (42.7) | p < 0.001 | 1182 (55.2) | 46 (28.6) | 302 (44.2) | 834 (64.3) | p < 0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 2084 (63.4) | 304 (66.8) | 694 (67.6) | 1086 (60.2) | p < 0.001 | 498 (72.7) | 873 (63.8) | 713 (57.8) | p < 0.001 | 1448 (67.6) | 96 (59.6) | 435 (63.6) | 917 (70.6) | p < 0.001 |
| Stroke | 304 (9.2) | 45 (9.9) | 100 (9.7) | 159 (8.8) | p = 0.628 | 82 (12.0) | 127 (9.3) | 95 (7.7) | p = 0.008 | 233 (10.9) | 7 (4.3) | 69 (10.1) | 157 (12.1) | p = 0.009 |
| Previous AMIc | 900 (27.4) | 124 (27.3) | 374 (36.4) | 402 (22.3) | p < 0.001 | 258 (37.7) | 407 (29.7) | 235 (19.1) | p < 0.001 | 651 (30.4) | 31 (19.3) | 210 (30.7) | 410 (31.6) | p = 0.006 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 787 (23.9) | 107 (23.5) | 336 (32.7) | 344 (19.1) | p < 0.001 | 253 (36.9) | 336 (24.5) | 198 (16.1) | p < 0.001 | 606 (28.3) | 16 (9.9) | 169 (24.7) | 421 (32.4) | p < 0.001 |
aCategorical variables are presented as n (%) and continuous variables are presented as mean (standard deviation). p < 0.05 is taken as statistical significance (in bold).
bOut of a total of 3287 patients, 3287 (100%), 3287 (100%), and 2143 (65.2%) had the data necessary to calculate the FIB-4, APRI and NFS respectively.
cAbbreviations: AMI, acute myocardial infarction; APRI, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to Platelet Ratio Index; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; FIB-4, Fibrosis-4 index; NFS, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Fibrosis Score.