FIG. 4.
Nuclear translocation of STAT proteins in primary neurons after RV infection. Primary neurons were infected with each of the viruses at 0.1 focus-forming units/cell and then fixed at day 5 after infection. Viral antigen (N) was detected by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-RV N monoclonal antibodies. The expression of STAT1, STAT2, and STAT3 was detected by using rabbit anti-STAT polyclonal antibodies and anti-rabbit secondary antibody conjugated with Alexa 488 (green). Propidium iodide (PI) was used for counterstaining (red). The cells were examined under a Leica TCS NT confocal microscope (A). The percentage of cells with nuclear translocation was quantified for each of the STAT proteins (B). Significantly more nuclear-translocated cells were observed for STAT1 (P < 0.001) and STAT2 (P < 0.001) in cells infected with B2C and for STAT2 (P < 0.01) in cells infected with SHBRV (as indicated by **).