Abstract
The genetics of development and cancer have converged in the identification of intra‐ and extra‐cellular signaling pathways that are aberrantly regulated in cancer, and are also central to embryonic patterning. The Wnt signaling pathway has provided an outstanding example of this. The genes for β‐catenin, ARC, and Axin in the Wnt signaling pathway are often mutated in human cancers. In all such cases, the common denominator is the activation of gene transcription by β‐catenin. The resulting gene expression profile should provide a significant clue to the developmental mechanisms of cancers carrying defects in the Wnt signaling pathway. In this review, the functions of β‐catenin, APC and Axin, and the alterations of the three genes in human cancers are described. (Cancer Sci 2003; 94: 225–229)
Abbreviations: CKI, casein kinase I; GSK‐3β, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β; APC, ad‐enomatous polyposis coli; LRP, lipoprotein receptor‐related protein; Tcf, T cell factor; Lef, lymphoid‐enhancer factor; HMG, high mobility group; FAP, familial adenomatous polyposis coli; aa, amino acid. E‐mail: akikuchi@hiroshima‐u.ac.jp
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