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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2024 Mar 1;347:116745. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116745

Table 1:

Descriptive statistics for analytic sample

Sons (N = 1,069) Daughters (N = 982)
Variables Mean Stan. Dev. Min. Max. Mean Stan. Dev. Min. Max.

Child married during observation 0.32 0.47 0.00 1.00 0.43 0.49 0.00 1.00
Parental Mental Disorders
Father has Major Depressive Disorder 0.05 0.22 0.00 1.00 0.05 0.23 0.00 1.00
Father has any other disorder 0.17 0.37 0.00 1.00 0.16 0.37 0.00 1.00
Mother has Major Depressive Disorder 0.27 0.44 0.00 1.00 0.26 0.44 0.00 1.00
Mother has any other disorder 0.18 0.38 0.00 1.00 0.16 0.36 0.00 1.00
Parental Marital Experience
Father experienced arranged marriage 0.37 0.48 0.00 1.00 0.37 0.48 0.00 1.00
Mother experienced arranged marriage 0.68 0.47 0.00 1.00 0.68 0.47 0.00 1.00
Parental hitting within marriage 0.19 0.39 0.00 1.00 0.18 0.38 0.00 1.00
Parental criticism within marriage1 1.70 0.53 1.00 4.00 1.69 0.56 1.00 4.00
Father’s age at child’s birth 25.66 4.77 13.00 43.00 26.02 4.82 15.00 45.00
Mother’s age at child’s birth 21.90 4.28 10.00 39.00 22.03 4.40 10.00 40.00
Parental Education
Father attained no education 0.14 0.35 0.00 1.00 0.16 0.37 0.00 1.00
Father attained grades 1–5 0.28 0.45 0.00 1.00 0.28 0.45 0.00 1.00
Father attained grades 6–10 0.37 0.48 0.00 1.00 0.33 0.47 0.00 1.00
Father attained grades 11 and above 0.21 0.40 0.00 1.00 0.22 0.42 0.00 1.00
Mother attained no education 0.53 0.50 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 1.00
Mother attained grades 1–5 0.17 0.38 0.00 1.00 0.18 0.39 0.00 1.00
Mother attained grades 6–10 0.23 0.42 0.00 1.00 0.33 0.47 0.00 1.00
Mother attained grades 11 and above 0.07 0.26 0.00 1.00 0.07 0.26 0.00 1.00
Household Income and Assets
Annual income: < 25,000 rupees 0.25 0.42 0.00 1.00 0.24 0.42 0.00 1.00
Annual income: 25,000–49,999 rupees 0.26 0.44 0.00 1.00 0.28 0.45 0.00 1.00
Annual income: 50,000–99,999 rupees 0.30 0.46 0.00 1.00 0.32 0.47 0.00 1.00
Annual income: > 100,000 rupees 0.19 0.39 0.00 1.00 0.16 0.37 0.00 1.00
Total livestock owned 1.94 1.63 0.00 16.33 1.97 1.74 0.00 16.33
Ownership of house plot 0.88 0.32 0.00 1.00 0.90 0.30 0.00 1.00
Household total financial assets 7.17 3.68 0.00 17.00 7.04 3.65 0.00 17.00
House Quality
Low house quality 0.11 0.31 0.00 1.00 0.11 0.31 0.00 1.00
Medium house quality 0.25 0.43 0.00 1.00 0.26 0.44 0.00 1.00
High house quality 0.64 0.48 0.00 1.00 0.64 0.48 0.00 1.00
Ethnicity
Brahmin/Chhetri 0.44 0.50 0.00 1.00 0.44 0.50 0.00 1.00
Hill Janajati 0.14 0.35 0.00 1.00 0.14 0.34 0.00 1.00
Dalit 0.24 0.33 0.00 1.00 0.11 0.32 0.00 1.00
Newar 0.06 0.23 0.00 1.00 0.06 0.23 0.00 1.00
Terai Janajati 0.24 0.43 0.00 1.00 0.25 0.43 0.00 1.00
1

The scale for criticism within marriage goes from 1 (never) to 4 (frequently).