Table 1.
Neurotoxicity mechanisms associated with anthropogenic chemicals-mediated disruption of gut–brain axis in zebrafish.
| Model | Experiment | Biochemical assay | Main results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zebrafish larvae | Co-exposure of zebrafish larvae to lead (0.05 mg/L) and manganese (0.3 mg/L) for 7 days | Identification of 16S rRNA gene sequence. Expression of serotonergic and ABC transporter genes. | Reduced Proteobacteria proportion but increased Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes proportions. Up-regulation of serotonin signaling and metabolism genes (tph1b) as well as ATP-binding cassette G (i.e., abcg5 and abcg8) | Xia et al. (2023) |
| Adult zebrafish | Exposure of adult male zebrafish to 6:6 PFPiA (0, 1, 10 nM) for 28 days | Identification of 16S rRNA gene sequence | Increased Aeromonadaceae, Burkholderiaceae, Enterobacteriaceae Methylophilaceae and Xanthobacteraceae. Stimulation of inflammation, blood–brain barrier injury, and neuronal apoptosis | Zhang et al. (2023) |
| Adult zebrafish | Exposure of adult wild-type zebrafish to 1 mg/L imidacloprid under light phase extension (L:D=20:4 h; IMI-LL) and dark phase extension (L:D=4:20 h; IMI-DD) for 14 days | Identification of 16S rRNA gene sequence. Oxidative stress parameters. Expression of aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase and tryptophan hydroxylase genes | Decreased Proteobacteria abundance, but increased Fusobacteria proportion. Decreased SOD and CAT activities Increased MDA, ROS and 8-OHdG levels. Inhibited tryptophan metabolism pathway | Huang et al. (2023) |
| Zebrafish larvae/adult | Transient MPTP (1 μM) exposure at 48–96 hpf but raised without MPTP till 28 dpf | Identification of 16S rRNA gene sequence | Larval zebrafish: Increased Vibrionaceae but decreased Rhizobiaceae. Altered gut microbiome populations in adult male and female zebrafish | Dong et al. (2022) |
| Adult zebrafish | Continuous zebrafish exposure to Bisphenol F (2, 20, and 200 μg/L) from embryos (4 dpf) to adult stages (120 dpf) | Identification of 16S rRNA gene sequence, inflammatory genes and neurotransmitter metabolism | Decreased Bifidobacterium, Cetobacterium, Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia and Halomonas, but increased Mycobacterium, Pseudomonas and Microbacterium proportion. Disruption in neurotransmitter metabolism | Wang et al. (2021) |