Summary of findings 4. Agent: Third generation cephalosporin versus other antibiotic for acute pyelonephritis in children.
| Agent: Third generation cephalosporin versus other antibiotic for acute pyelonephritis in children | ||||||
| Patient or population: children with acute pyelonephritis Intervention: third generation cephalosporin versus other antibiotic | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Antibiotic | Third generation cephalosporin | |||||
| Persistent bacteriuria | Study population | RR 2.41 (0.98 to 5.93) | 439 (3) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2 | ||
| 34 per 1000 | 81 per 1000 (33 to 199) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 0 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (0 to 0) | |||||
| Recurrent UTI after end of therapy | Study population | RR 1.23 (0.32 to 4.74) | 491 (4) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,2 | ||
| 18 per 1000 | 22 per 1000 (6 to 87) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 8 per 1000 | 10 per 1000 (3 to 38) | |||||
| Persistent symptoms after end of treatment | Study population | RR 0.28 (0.13 to 0.62) | 471 (3) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1,3 | ||
| 104 per 1000 | 29 per 1000 (14 to 64) | |||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 0 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (0 to 0) | |||||
| *The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio; | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect. Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate. Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate. Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate. | ||||||
1 Unclear allocation in several studies 2 Few events leading to imprecision 3 Meta‐analysis dominated by single trial and results inconsistent with bacteriologic results