Table 3.
Bivariate and univariate statistics by acceptability and personal sensing data stream.
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1a | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | Value, n | Value, mean (SD) | t test (df) | Cohen d | |||||||||||
| Interference | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Active methods | |||||||||||||||||||
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Audio check-in | 1.00 | 0.43 | −0.06 | —b | — | 154 | 0.78 (1.07) | 9.05 (153)c | 0.73 | |||||||||
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EMAd | 0.43 | 1.00 | 0.24 | — | — | 154 | 0.91 (0.99) | 11.37 (153)c | 0.92 | |||||||||
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Sleep quality | −0.06 | 0.24 | 1.00 | — | — | 87 | 1.38 (0.87) | 14.86 (86)c | 1.59 | |||||||||
| Dislike | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Active methods | |||||||||||||||||||
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Audio check-in | 1.00 | 0.57 | 0.25 | 0.31 | 0.22 | 154 | 0.51 (1.28) | 4.91 (153)c | 0.40 | |||||||||
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EMA | 0.57 | 1.00 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.25 | 154 | 0.96 (0.92) | 12.92 (153)c | 1.04 | |||||||||
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Sleep quality | 0.25 | 0.26 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.33 | 87 | 1.10 (1.09) | 9.45 (86)c | 1.01 | |||||||||
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Passive methods | |||||||||||||||||||
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Geolocation | 0.31 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 1.00 | 0.67 | 154 | 1.03 (0.94) | 13.51 (153)c | 1.09 | |||||||||
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Cellular communication logs | 0.22 | 0.25 | 0.33 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 154 | 0.90 (0.97) | 11.45 (153)c | 0.92 | |||||||||
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SMS text message content | 0.34 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.62 | 0.69 | 154 | 0.58 (1.18) | 6.07 (153)c | 0.49 | |||||||||
| Willingness to use for 1 year | ||||||||||||||||||||
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Active methods | |||||||||||||||||||
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Audio check-in | 1.00 | 0.44 | 0.44 | 0.51 | 0.47 | 154 | 0.73 (1.28) | 7.09 (153)c | 0.57 | |||||||||
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EMA | 0.44 | 1.00 | 0.41 | 0.48 | 0.47 | 154 | 0.64 (1.22) | 6.47 (153)c | 0.52 | |||||||||
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Sleep quality | 0.44 | 0.41 | 1.00 | 0.53 | 0.47 | 87 | 0.85 (1.28) | 6.19 (86)c | 0.66 | |||||||||
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Passive methods | |||||||||||||||||||
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Geolocation | 0.51 | 0.48 | 0.53 | 1.00 | 0.65 | 154 | 0.94 (1.18) | 9.83 (153)c | 0.79 | |||||||||
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Cellular communication logs | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 0.65 | 1.00 | 154 | 0.84 (1.07) | 9.76 (153)c | 0.79 | |||||||||
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SMS text message content | 0.47 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.60 | 0.84 | 154 | 0.74 (1.12) | 8.21 (153)c | 0.66 | |||||||||
aInitial columns (1-5) indicate bivariate correlations among data streams for each self-report acceptability measure. The final columns show the number of participants (n), mean and SD, t test statistic, and Cohen d effect size (d) for the 2-tailed, 1-sample t tests against 0 (undecided). Higher values indicate higher levels of acceptability.
bNot available.
cP<.001.
dEMA: ecological momentary assessment.