TABLE 2.
Important features of reports on treatment failures of human hookworm infectionsa
| Characteristic | Mali (N. americanus) | Australia (A. duodenale) |
|---|---|---|
| Helminth species | ||
| Initial prevalence and transmission | High | Moderate |
| Previous drug exposure | In health centers | Community treatment |
| Anthelmintic drug | Mebendazole (Vermox) | Pyrantel (Combantrin) |
| Dose | 500 mg/person | 10 mg/kg |
| Treatment regimen | Single dose | Single dose |
| Study design | ||
| No. of subjects | 103 | 29 |
| Random selection of subjects | Yes | Yes |
| Control group, other drug | Pyrantel | Albendazole |
| Control group, no treatment | Yes | No |
| Placebo | Yes | No |
| Coprological method | Kato-Katz | ZnSO4 flotation + Kato |
| EPGb after treatment (wk) | 4 | 1 |
| Cure rate (%)c | ||
| Treated group | 22.9 | 13.3 |
| Control group, no treatment | 25.0 | NDe |
| Control group, other treatment | 44.8 | 100 |
| Placebo group | 22.6 | ND |
| Egg reduction rate (%)d | ||
| Treated group | −6.5 (increase) | −46.1 (increase) |
| Control group, no treatment | 39.5 | ND |
| Control group, other treatment | 75.0 | 100.0 |
| Placebo group (vitamin C) | 32.7 | ND |
| In vitro assay (drug resistance) | Egg hatch test | ND |